A Brief Note On Gas Separation And Sequestration - 2801 Words

Dangling PEG Containing Thiol-ene Polymer Membranes Effect of Dangling PEG Moieties on CO2 Gas Selectivity, Gas Transport, and Free Volume Properties Tyler Haddock Graduate Student: Ramesh Ramakrishnan Advisor: Dr. Sergei Nazarenko Introduction Gas separation and sequestration is used in many of industrial processes. An emerging utilization is in fossil fuel plants, where fuel combustion waste is released.1 Among these products is CO2, which is why fuel plants and most notably coal plants—the number one producer of electricity in the United States—account for around 40% of all CO2 emissions.1-2 Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) at fuel plants has duel benefits: an increase in the performance of fuels, such as natural gas from reduced CO2 concentration, and a lowering of the emission of a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.1 Methods to separate and remove CO2 before being released as flue gas have already been implemented to a limited extent.1, 3 Separation of CO2 can occur before or after energy conversion, but pre-combustion treatments—such as gasification and oxy-combustion—also require the separation of H2 and O2 ¬ gases, respectively.1 Regardless of when the CCS stage occu rs, CO2 capture is the most costly step with common approaches including chemical absorption, surface adsorption, and membrane technology. The most developed and commonly used technique is absorption, often using amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA).1 MEA is effective due toShow MoreRelatedSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pages This infestation is the result of direct contact with the lice through sexual activity, toilet seats, clothing, or bedding. Samp;S: The louse is comparatively large but not easily seen, and itching is almost always present. The patient may note the presence of small specks on the sheets upon arising. Tx: Good hygiene, Avoid sexual activity with persons who have this infestation. Permethrin cream 5% is currently the treatment of choice. Lindane (Kwell) may also be used. MF-0241 Identify

White Privilege And Black Privilege - 2557 Words

White Privilege in America Privilege affects everyone, regardless of if they are affected positively or negatively. Being the majority of majorities in America, white males bear an automatic stamp of privilege on their foreheads, although they would care very strongly not to admit it. On the surface, privilege does not seem like such a bad thing, but when you pay attention to the differentiation of struggles between white men and everyone else in America, you can see it is a very large issue. Whether it is in the classroom, in the workforce, in real estate, or even in your own home, white privilege is affecting you. White male privilege in America is counterproductive to the growth of equality in society today because it affects the quality of living and level of opportunity for the rest of the country’s inhabitants. Within all facets of life, you can find extreme examples of white privilege. Ask yourself, if a policeman pulled you over, would you assume automatically that the crime was the color of your skin? And would you wonder if that crime could cost you your life? The unanimous answer should be no, but it is guaranteed that within different races and communities, the answer will differ. Because of this, it is clear that different people of different races get treated differently; some may view this as having cultural luxuries. What are cultural luxuries? Many people may wonder what that is and when it will be so kindly afforded to them. The idea of cultural luxuryShow MoreRelatedWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1389 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"White privilege refers to the fact that in many societies, â€Å"white† people have access to greater power, authority, and privileges, than non-white people† (Robbins et al. 2013:81). It goes beyond letting white people get away with more than other races; it also discriminates against them. This is well illustrated by the history of white privilege in America and how it changed over time (Nkomo Ariss 2013) and how white privilege is used to benefit white people (Blum n.d). Without white privilegeRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper examines how white privilege continues to be constructed today within schools and how teachers have a large role in it. In today’s society, many can go through t heir lives without understanding what it is or how it effects other people. White privilege is how a person’s lighter skin color benefits them directly from birth and that person doesn’t have to do anything in order to gain these privileges. These privileges are good and usually don’t have any negative consequences for the personRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1578 Words   |  7 PagesWhite privilege is the ability for whites to maintain an elevated status in society that masks racial inequality. It is also considered a system of advantage based on race, as well as societal privileges that benefit white people. It is usually known as the â€Å"other†, or the opposite side of discrimination. Some people in society, typically people of color, feel as though people with white skin have benefits over people of color, just because they’re white. White privilege is sometimes seen as a higherRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1593 W ords   |  7 PagesWhite Privilege Dick Hebdige in â€Å"From Culture to Hegemony; Subculture: The Unnatural Break† states â€Å"All human societies reproduce themselves in this way through a process of ‘naturalization’. It is through this process- a kind of inevitable reflex of all social life- that particular sets of social relations, particular ways of organizing the world appear to us as if they were universal and timeless,† (142). Hebdige speaks to the fact that the way society is structured and the way people interactRead MoreWhite Privilege : Black Privilege1296 Words   |  6 PagesWhite Privilege in America Whit privilege is still a problem in America. Through history, white privilege has been a major civil conflict in American societies. It is still prevalent today. What most people want to know is if there is a way to prevent the continuation of white privilege. By knowing the history, and the various types of white privilege, there might be a way to overcome and eventually prevent it. To fully understand what white privilege is, one must first understand the origin ofRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhite privilege is an advantage in society that is unmerited. Though it is practiced in every day life (whether it’s subtle or not), the majority views it as â€Å"absurd† and â€Å"non-existent†. It is a taboo that creates feelings of guilt, hostility and anger, but it must be addressed and understood in order to be eradicated. It is necessary for white people to acknowledge their part in maintaining and benefiting from a society that has thrived on racial hierarchy and white supremacy for centuries. WhiteRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"privilege† is when a person has the right or confused with having the right to do something. For example, for someone to advance their education is not a privilege perhaps it is a right. In some cases during certain situation person can be granted the privilege. White privilege is a word greatly used in social rights that advantage individuals to be acknowledged as white in Western countries, afar what is frequently proficient by non-white individuals in the same social, political, orRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pages When I think about white privilege, I see it as something I must understand to truly feel a relation to my own privileges with race. â€Å"As a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something which puts others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege, which puts me at an advantage.† (McIntosh 1988) When comparing other privileges McIntosh sees that her life is more influenced by her skin color than class, religion, ethnic statusRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege2557 Words   |  11 PagesWhite Privilege in America Privilege affects everyone, regardless of if they are affected positively or negatively. Being the majority of majorities in America, white males bear an automatic stamp of privilege on their foreheads, although they would care very strongly not to admit it. On the surface, privilege does not seem like such a bad thing, but when you pay attention to the differentiation of struggles between white men and everyone else in America, you can see it is a very large issue. WhetherRead MoreWhite Privilege : The Black Privilege988 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Privilege Privilege is defined as â€Å"a special advantage or authority possessed by a particular person or group† in the Cambridge Dictionary. Globally, white individuals are often granted privileges than minority groups do not receive. While white privilege often goes unnoticed by white individuals, it causes many disadvantages for people of color and effects how they see themselves. Furthermore, Affirmative Action attempts to equal the playing field for minorities but is faced with contention

Coal Mines in India

Question: Discuss about theCoal Mines in India. Answer: Introduction The question the essay will try to address is how can the government do to relieve the environmental issue caused by coal mining in India? This is by regulating the mining industry through proper rules and measures to take care of the environment since it has already become a danger zone. The coal mines are causing huge environmental issues in India. Some of the issues it has caused are air pollution, contamination of the ground water, and the wildlife being affected by the coal mines (Saini, Gupta Arora, 2016). Based on the claim by the World Health organization in 2008, coal particulates pollutions are generally anticipated to lessen to an approximation of one million lives globally (Arora, 2014). The India government can help solve these problems by provision of proper rules, which measures to take care of the environment because it is already in the danger zone (Riazi Gupta, 2015). The environmental legislation in India has been long standing in nature especially in the impleme ntation at the state level due to political issues over the years, but this has improved enormously over time and if the government help to implement appropriate measures and regulation, the sector could improve to a great deal (Chadwick, Highton Lindman, 2013). The Coal mines are causing huge environmental issues in India, some of these issues are air pollution, ground water contamination and impact to the wildlife. These are devastating issues especially to the economy of the country, and the well-being of individuals who are living next to those mines. Coal Mines are Causing Serious Effect on Air Pollution Based to the research done by Arora (2014), she has highlighted that coal mines has caused a lot of Air emission in India over the years. The waste products such as the fly ash , and boiler stag generates approximately twenty percent of toxic chemical which include mercury , cadmium , copper , beryllium as well as arsenic which are hazardous is these are released into the environment . These types of substances usually are impurities whenever coal continues to be burnt they are released (Chadwick, Highton Lindman, 2013). Throughout the process of combustion, the reaction, which is available between the coal and air it generates oxides of carbon including the carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, oxides of the sulphur and nitrogen of oxides (Kowalska, 2014). Whenever sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxide react in ambiance so that you can form particles and a ground ozone level that are delivered for long distances, rendering it hard it very hard for other of the states to attain a h ealthy levels of control of the pollution (Riazi Gupta, 2015). The high levels of the suspended particles could increase the respiratory ailments for instance the chronic bronchitis or maybe asthma whilst the gaseous emissions might lead to the worldwide warming apart from them leading to the well-being hazards to the population that has been exposed. Air Pollution Control Measure From the research from different authors I have come to understand air pollution control measure refers to the planning as well as implementation of a series of preventive measures which to enable the levels of pollution are maintained with a given level (Kowalska, 2014). Some of the measure to control air pollution are emission standard and the air quality management. The air quality management entails regulation of the location, time and the amount of the pollutant emission to achieve defined set of air quality standards (Singh, Singh, Singh, Chandra Shukla, 2007). The quality standards involves the control of the pollutant emission in order to ensure that the level does not exceed the limit that is accepted. The emission standards is usually distinguished for the specific group of the emitters (Pandey, Mohalik, Mishra, Khalkho, Kumar Singh, 2015). The emission standard is usually derived from consideration of the quality standards, which becomes the emission strategy. These appr oaches might help to reduce the level of air pollution to a significant level. Other measures that India government could use is the economic based method through providing financial incentives for the emission sources to pursue the most cost effective means to reduce pollution. The firms should be urged to find new methods and new products that provide lower level of pollution. Ground Water is Contaminated by Coal Mining It has been known that the ground water is becoming the primary concern with respect to the surface mining of coal in India. The major concern has been the quality and the quantity of the ground water (Pandey, Mohalik, Mishra, Khalkho, Kumar Singh, 2015). The ground water pollution usually occurs either directly or indirectly because of the surface mining. Direct degradation might happen in the event that the ground water continues to be located down gradient from the surface mine by the flow of the polluted drainage from the coal mine (Mukhopadhyay, Masto, Cerd Ram, 2016). The ground water pollution could result from the coal materials, which causes the surface water contamination. The indirect degradation of the ground water might results from the blasting that may cause the shaking of the rocks temporary in the fractures near the working areas of mines. The ground water contamination may also results from various chemistry from the polluted surface level before the treatment of the chemicals. Solution to Ground water contamination by coal mines Several actions can be taken to lessen on the chances of the ground water pollution from occurring because of the issue of surface mining (Mukhopadhyay, Masto, Cerd Ram, 2016). The ground water in India should be directed away from the mine sites both during as well as after mining. In the event that the ground water pollution has been detected, one of the first issue is to locate and stop the discharge from the specific pollution sources on the sites of the mine. Additionally, there should be installation of the impermeable barrier in the backfill to the streams channel that are nearby. Coal mines are affecting wild life The wildlife animals we all know they are great significant to a countries economy and the government should put measures to keep them away from any danger. The surface mining of coal in India causes a direct as well as indirect damage to the wildlife. It affects the wildlife primarily from the disturbance, removing as well as redistributing the land surface (Martinez-Alier, Temper Demaria, 2016). The immediate impact on the wildlife is fundamentally from the destruction or maybe the displacement of the species particularly in the regions of excavation along with spoil piling. The primary affect of the surface exploration is degradation. The impact of the sediment on the aquatic wildlife differs with the species and amount of the contamination. In the event there exists high sediment amounts, it may kill fish directly, reduce light transmission as well as alter the gradient temperature. How wildlife can be saved from coal mines I think the solution this situation is to abandon the mines that are in the habitat of the wild life. The mined areas should be backfilled and then rehabilitated for the purpose of the development of vegetation (Vinoth Kumar, 2014). The void that is formed by the open pit of mining usually causes land degradation it could be utilized to serve as the reservoir for water thus providing moistures for the vegetation in the surrounding areas. Conclusion There should be proper rules as well as measures in order to take care of environment that is in the danger zone. More and more companies in India should be encouraged to adopt on the best practices and technologies, which are healthy to the environment, and ensures the safety of the miners. The future direction that should be followed is as follows: they should adopt environmentally friendly technologies, and resource conservation as well as management through minimal waste in the extraction of coal, and perhaps find substitute of the minerals that could be used to extract energy. Another angle is through effective environmental regulation as well as safety and health inspection of mines should be in place. The government could bring out some guidelines mining companies could use. Lastly, it could be through development of environmental indicators in order to assist in the assessment of the state of the environment in the areas of mining. References Arora, N. (2014). Environmental Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment in Mining Sector in India. Browser Download This Paper. Chadwick, M. J., Highton, N. H., Lindman, N. (Eds.). (2013). Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining Utilization: A Complete Revision of Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization. Elsevier. Kowalska, I. J. (2014). Risk management in the hard coal mining industry: Social and environmental aspects of collieries liquidation. Resources Policy, 41, 124-134. Martinez-Alier, J., Temper, L., Demaria, F. (2016). Social metabolism and environmental conflicts in India. In Nature, Economy and Society (pp. 19-49). Springer India. Mukhopadhyay, S., Masto, R. E., Cerd, A., Ram, L. C. (2016). Rhizosphere soil indicators for carbon sequestration in a reclaimed coal mine spoil. Catena, 141, 100-108. Pandey, J., Mohalik, N. K., Mishra, R. K., Khalkho, A., Kumar, D., Singh, V. K. (2015). Investigation of the role of fire retardants in preventing spontaneous heating of coal and controlling coal mine fires. Fire Technology, 51(2), 227-245. Riazi, M. R., Gupta, R. (Eds.). (2015). Coal Production and Processing Technology. CRC Press. Saini, V., Gupta, R. P., Arora, M. K. (2016). Environmental impact studies in coalfields in India: A case study from Jharia coal-field. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1222-1239. Singh, A. K., Singh, R. V. K., Singh, M. P., Chandra, H., Shukla, N. K. (2007). Mine fire gas indices and their application to Indian underground coal mine fires. International Journal of coal geology, 69(3), 192-204. Vinoth, S., Kumar, L. A. (2014). Applying real time seismic monitoring technology for slope stability assessmentAn Indian opencast coal mine perspective. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 24(1), 75-80.

Recitation Choral Reading Essay Example

Recitation: Choral Reading Essay Recitation Reading Aloud Dr. Catherine W. Cordeiro Aims:When you have finished completed the reading you should be able to: See the difference between singing and recitation Features of recitation Types of recitation Planning the recitation Pre – task: 1. Is singing the same as reading aloud? 2. Do you think reading aloud is important? 3. Do you need listeners for this activity? 4. Does reading aloud mean â€Å"being able to just recognize and read the words on the page? 5. Look up the meaning of the words ‘singing’ and ‘recitation’ in a dictionary. Features of Reading aloud recitation : Being able to read well, is a skill which one can develop, keeping a few things in mind. Haven’t you ever wished that you could read aloud better? Brain storming : When do the audience listen and enjoy what you read aloud to them? To read anything aloud well you must understand what you are reading. Understanding is not just recognizing the words! You must also understand what the author meant to say / express. Task Read the following poem ‘Sea Fever’, then think about the following questions : 1. What kind of mood does the poem create? How does the rhythm of the poem help to create this mood? 2. Do you think the title of the poem is a good one? Share your answers with your partner and then with the whole class. Sea Fever I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by; And the wheel’s kick and the winds song and the white sail’s shaking, And a gray mist on the sea’s face and a gray dawn breaking. I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying, And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea gulls crying. I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, To the guil’s way and the whale’s way where the wind’s like a whetted knife; And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover, And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick’s over. John Masefield Task : Listen and follow the poem silently as it is being read aloud. Features : When one really understands a passage / poem, one should be able to express its meaning. Expression is important. We will write a custom essay sample on Recitation: Choral Reading specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Recitation: Choral Reading specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Recitation: Choral Reading specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One can express excitement, boredom, grouchiness, happiness, weariness, simply by the way you speak. Reading aloud expressively also means being able to produce the sounds correctly and clearly. Reading to a group : When one reads to an audience. One must be able to get the thought, mood across to the listeners. The writer gives the words but the meaning is given by the reader. Suggestions for Better Reading Aloud : Know the through meaning before you start reading Read slowly and clearly enough so that everyone can hear you Breathe as naturally enough. Do not rush. Hold your book correctly. Not to far away or down below. Be relaxed as you read. Enjoy your reading. Look up occasionally. If there are amusing parts wait for the laughter to stop before you start again. Choral Reading and its Types : Poetry and must of prose should be read aloud for full appreciation. One has to imagine the sounds in a poem when it is being read silently. Task : Try reading these lines silently and then orally. Out Written He drew a circle that shut me out- Heretic, rebel, a thing to flout, But Love and I had wit to win: We drew a circle that took him in. (Edwin Markham) The sounds in the poem give it much of its beauty. Task : Read the poem above again, this time with everyone reading together at a time. This is called choral reading. Doing things together is fun. This is one reason why girls and boys big and small love choral reading. They derive much fun when they read well together, when they read as one person. Choral reading is a delightful way to help children interpret and share prose and poetry. Before the class actually starts reading a selection together, they must think about its meaning and how they can use their voice as an artist’s tool. They must think about the rhythm and sound of each line or sentence†¦. noting which words they need to stress and where pauses most naturally fall. This type of reading helps the class to enunciate clearly and to vary the volume, tempo, and quality of their voices for special effects. Choral reading is rewarding in many ways. Not only is it a creative and enjoyable activity, but it helps them learn to plan and work together. Students who are shy tend to lose thirir shyness and speak out in the safety of the group. They learn the importance of co-operation as they take turns to blend their voices in group response. Types of Choral Reading : 1. Refrain 2. Line-a-child 3. Antiponal 4. Unison Refrain : This type of reading is natural for a poem that contains a refrain. Usually the whole group says the refrain and one person speaks the other lines or the group can speak the lines, and one or two people the refrain. Line–a–child : In this type of reading, a number of lines are read in solo manner, each by a different child. Chosen parts of the poem are spoken by the group in unison. Each child having a solo part must watch his cue, as in dramatics, so as to speak his line promptly when his turn comes. This type works well with poems which have three or more characters. Antiphonal : This type of reading brings light and heavy voices into play against each other. It dramatizes a poem that contains dialogues, questions and answers. Or other elements giving contrasts. From the nature of the poem the class can decide which lines should be spoken by heavy voices and which by light. Unison : This is actually the most difficult type of choral reading. It requires students to stay together for a longer period of time. One can have this type of recitation for poems which have little change of moods and no dialogue. It tries to blend all kinds of voices in a suitable rhythm, volume, and tone. It is best to use this type of reading for a class that has little experience in choral reading. Poems for practice : Scythe song All:Mowers, weary and brown and blithe, What is the song methinks ye know. Endless over-work that the Scythe Sings to the blades of grass below? Scythes that swings in the grass and clover, Something, still, they say as they pass; What is the work that, over and over, Sings the Scythe to the flowers and grass? Girls:Hush, ah hush, Boys:the Scythes are saying Girls:Hush, and heed not, and fall asleep! Hush, Boys:They say to the grasses swaying, Girls:Hush, Boys:They sing to the clover deep! Girls:Hush- Boys:‘tis the lullaby Time is singing- Girls:Hush, and heed not, for all things pass, Hush, ah hush! Boys:and the scythes are swinging All:Over the clove, over the grass! OPPORTUNITY Solo:This I beheld, or dreamed it in a dream: Girls:There spread a cloud o fdust along a plain And beneath the cloud, or in it, Boys: raged A furious battle, and men yelled, and swords Shocked upon swords and shields. A prince’s banner Wavered, then staggered backward, hemmed by foes. Solo:A craven hung along the battle’s edge, And thought, Girls: â€Å"Had I a sword of keener steel- That blue blade that the king’s son bears, -but this Blunt thing -! † Solo: He snapt and flung it from his Hand, And lowering crept away and left the field. Boys:Then came the king’s son, wounded, sorre bestead, And weaponless, and saw the broken sword, Hilt-buried in the dry and trodden sand, All:And ran and snatched it, and with battle shout Lifted afresh, he hewed his enemy down, And saved a great cause that heroic day.